❶ 濂宠呮壒鍙戣揣婧愬摢閲屽ソ鍙堜究瀹
01锏介┈链嶈呮壒鍙戝竞鍦
骞垮窞锏介┈链嶈呮壒鍙戝竞鍦烘槸骞垮窞链澶х殑链嶈呮壒鍙戝竞鍦猴纴涓昏佷互鎴愮啛濂宠呬负涓伙纴浠锋牸杈冮珮锛屾惧纺澶氭牱銆傝繖閲屾湁铡傚跺吋钀ュ啓瀛楁ゼ鍜屾绘壒鍙戯纴镙峰纺鍜岃川閲忛兘姣旇缉濂姐傚箍宸炵殑链嶈呬骇涓氶摼瀹屽杽锛屼粠璁捐°侀溃鏂欍佸姞宸ャ佸垎阌銆佺墿娴佺瓑鏂归溃閮芥槸鍏朵粬鍦版柟涓嶅彲姣旀嫙镄勚傚洜姝わ纴濡傛灉𨱍虫垒濂宠呮壒鍙戣揣婧愶纴鍙浠ヨ冭槛铡诲箍宸炵槠椹链嶈呮壒鍙戝竞鍦恒
02𨱒宸炲コ瑁呮壒鍙戝竞鍦
𨱒宸炲コ瑁呮壒鍙戝竞鍦烘槸濂宠呮壒鍙戣揣婧愮殑濂藉湴鏂广傚洓瀛ｉ潚甯傚満鏄𨱒宸炰富瑕佺殑濂宠呮壒鍙戝竞鍦猴纴鍒涘姙浜1989骞达纴浣崭簬娴欐睙鐪佹涩宸炲竞娓呮嘲绔嬩氦妗ヤ笢鍫嶆涩娴疯矾銆傛涩宸炲洓瀛ｉ潚甯傚満鏄阒块噷宸村反鎴樼暐缁撶洘镄勫湴鏂癸纴娣桦疂涓婄殑濂宠呮涩娲惧コ瑁呮槸锷涘帇绮ゆ淳濂宠呯殑锛屼笌阒块噷澶ф湰钀ュ叧绯诲緢澶с傛ゅ栵纴𨱒宸炶缮链変腑鏄熷栬锤链嶉グ锘庛佸父闱掓剰娉曟湇楗板煄銆侀緳缈旀湇楗板煄鍜屾涩娲剧簿鍝佹湇瑁呭竞鍦虹瓑銆傝槠铹惰勬ā鍜屼汉姘斾笉濡傚洓瀛ｉ潚甯傚満锛屼絾𨱒宸炲コ瑁呮壒鍙戝竞鍦烘湁镌镫镙戜竴甯灭殑浼桦娍锛屾湭𨱒ュ彂灞旷┖闂翠篃寰埚ぇ銆
03姝︽眽濂宠呮壒鍙戝竞鍦
姝︽眽濂宠呮壒鍙戝竞鍦烘槸鍗庝腑鍦板尯𨱌ㄦ箹鍖楃渷链澶х殑鍝佺墝链嶈呮壒鍙戝竞鍦恒傝繖閲屾湁涓浣庢。鍟嗗搧涓轰富锛岄庢牸浼戦棽鍝佺墝涓轰富锛屼环镙煎湪100鍏冨乏鍙炽傛眽娲惧コ瑁呮槸鎺掑湪绮ゆ淳濂宠呬箣钖庣殑绗涓绾у姏閲忥纴浠ユ眽姝ｈ楁渶涓洪椈钖嶃傞暱姹熶互鍖楀ぇ閮ㄥ垎妗ｅ彛镄勬夋湇閮芥潵镊姝︽眽銆傜槠椹鏄寤虹珛链镞╃殑镓瑰彂甯傚満锛屼互涓浣庣璐т负涓汇傚簱鐜涘竞鍦烘。娆℃瘆锏介┈楂树竴浜涳纴浠ユ睙娴椤巶瀹跺搧鐗岃揣涓轰富銆傛︽眽闄や简锏介┈锛岃缮链夊簱鐜涖佸ぇ澶硅楁湇瑁呮壒鍙戝竞鍦恒佹眽鍙ｅ寳链嶈呮壒鍙戝煄銆佸氱忓晢锘庣瓑涓嶉敊镄勮揣婧愩
04鍗佷笁琛屾壒鍙戝竞鍦
鍗佷笁琛屾壒鍙戝竞鍦烘槸铡嗗彶鎭犱箙镄勬湇瑁呮壒鍙戦泦鏁ｅ湴锛屾疮澶╄繘鍑鸿揣鐗╀笂鍗冨惃锛屼汉娴侀噺闱炲父澶с傚竞鍦轰富瑕佺粡钀ョ殑链嶈呮湁绔ヨ呫佺敺瑁呫佸コ瑁呫佽繍锷ㄦ湇瑁呫佺浔琛ｃ佹棩阔╂湇瑁呫佺憺涓芥湇瑁呯瓑澶氱嶅悕鐗屾湇瑁咃纴链嶈呯岖被榻愬叏銆傚崄涓夎屽晢鍦堜腑绔璐т负涓伙纴浠锋牸阃备腑锛屾惧纺鏂帮纴鏄𨱍冲仛璐ㄩ噺璐т腑楂樼瀹氢綅镄勫簵阈虹殑棣栭夎繘璐ф笭阆撱傚悓镞讹纴鍗佷笁琛屽晢鍦堣缮鍖呮嫭鏂颁腑锲藉ぇ铡︺佺孩阆嶅ぉ澶у帵銆佷笢鏂圭孩澶у帵銆佹晠琛ｈ楃瓑锛屾。鍙ｇ熼噾濂囬珮锛屼环镙间究瀹滀竴鍗婅缮澶氥
❷ 锏介┈链嶈呮壒鍙戝竞鍦虹槠椹链嶈呮壒鍙戝竞鍦轰紭锷
锏介┈链嶈呮壒鍙戝竞鍦轰綅浜庡箍宸炲竞镄勪氦阃氭牳蹇冨尯锘燂纴绱ч偦绔椤崡璺锛屼笌骞垮窞𨱔杞︾珯镞犵绅瀵规帴锛屽叾浼樿秺镄勪綅缃涓哄晢瀹跺拰椤惧㈡彁渚涗简鏋佸ぇ镄勪究鍒┿
甯傚満镄勪氦阃氭瀬鍏跺彂杈撅纴涓崭粎杩炴帴𨱔杞︾珯锛岃缮链夌渷姹借溅绔欍佹祦鑺辫溅绔椤拰骞垮窞甯傛苯杞︾珯锛屽懆杈逛氦阃氱绣缁滃洓阃氩叓杈撅纴姣忔棩钖稿紩鏁颁竾浜烘＄殑浜烘祦锛屼负鍟嗕笟娲诲姩鎻愪緵浜嗘簮婧愪笉鏂镄勬椿锷涖
锻ㄨ竟鍟嗕笟鐜澧冧赴瀵岋纴绾㈡夋壒鍙戝竞鍦恒佹ユラ珮甯傚満鍜屽ぉ椹甯傚満绛変䌷澶氩竞鍦虹幆缁曪纴鍏卞悓鏋勫缓浜嗙箒钻ｇ殑鍟嗕笟姘涘洿銆傚竞鍦哄唴浜ゆ槗鏂瑰纺𨱔垫椿澶氭牱锛屽寘𨰾镓瑰彂闆跺敭銆佺湅镙蜂笅鍗曘佷笓鍗栦唬鐞嗗拰杩为挛锷犵洘绛夛纴浠ユ弧瓒充笉钖屽晢瀹剁殑闇姹伞
锏介┈链嶈呮壒鍙戝竞鍦哄搧绉崭赴瀵岋纴娑电洊浜嗗コ瑁呫佺敺瑁咃纴濂楄呫佹櫄瑁呫佷紤闂茶呫佸攼瑁呯瓑钖勭被链嶈咃纴镞犺烘槸镞ュ父绌跨潃杩樻槸鐗规畩鍦哄悎锛岄兘鑳藉湪杩欓噷镓惧埌婊℃剰镄勬惧纺銆傚竞鍦轰富瑕佺粡钀ヤ腑楂樻。链嶈咃纴婊¤冻浜嗕笉钖屾秷璐瑰眰娆＄殑闇姹伞
鍏鍙哥殑璧勯噾瀹炲姏闆勫帤锛屼负甯傚満镄勮繍钀ュ拰鍙戝𪾢鎻愪緵浜嗗己澶х殑淇濋㱩锛屾疮骞村湪钖勫ぇ濯掍綋杩涜屽箍锻婃姇鏀撅纴鎻愬崌浜嗕紒涓氱殑鐭ュ悕搴︺傝嚜1993骞村紑涓氢互𨱒ワ纴锏介┈链嶈呮壒鍙戝竞鍦轰竴鐩存槸骞垮窞甯傛渶楂樻。娆°佹渶澶ч溃绉镄勫竞鍦猴纴鍏跺巻鍙叉偁涔咃纴绉绱浜嗕赴瀵岀殑缁忛獙銆
姝ゅ栵纴甯傚満浠ュ叾涓扑笟镄勬湇锷″拰绉戝︾殑绠＄悊锛屾嫢链変竴鏀楂樻晥鏁涓氱殑锲㈤槦锛屼负镓链夊弬涓庤呮彁渚涗简浼樿川镄勭粡钀ョ幆澧冦傛棤璁轰綘鏄瀵绘垒鍟嗘満镄勫晢瀹讹纴杩樻槸瀵绘眰链嶈呯殑娑堣垂钥咃纴锏介┈链嶈呮壒鍙戝竞鍦洪兘鏄鐞嗘兂镄勯夋嫨銆
镓╁𪾢璧勬枡
锏介┈链嶈呭竞鍦烘槸鐢卞箍宸炲竞锘庡竞寤鸿惧紑鍙戦泦锲㈡姇璧勫缓璁撅纴甯傚満浣崭簬绱ч偦骞垮窞𨱔杞︾珯镄勭珯鍗楄矾锛岀幇链夊缓绛戦溃绉60000骞虫柟绫筹纴鍏10灞傦纴链4灞傚晢鍦猴纴5灞傚啓瀛楁ゼ锛1灞傚湴涓嫔仠杞﹀満銆傚箍宸炵槠椹链嶈呭竞鍦哄紑锷炰簬1993骞达纴鐢卞箍宸炵槠椹链嶈呭竞鍦烘湁闄愬叕鍙哥粡钀ョ＄悊銆傚竞鍦洪厤缃涓澶绌鸿皟銆佸㈣揣鐢垫銆佸畨鍏ㄧ洃鎺х郴缁熴佹秷阒茬郴缁熴佸藉甫缃戠瓑鐜颁唬璁炬柦銆傚晢鍦鸿呴グ缇庤傦纴阃氶亾瀹芥晕锛岄梼璁炬椂瑁呰〃婕斿箍鍦恒佸偍钃勬墍銆佸晢锷′腑蹇冦佹墭杩愮珯銆佸仠杞﹀満銆佸揩椁愬簵绛夐厤濂楁湇锷¤炬柦銆