❶ 镓瑰彂绔ヨ呭摢閲岃繘璐ф渶渚垮疁璐ㄩ噺鍙埚ソ
婀栧窞缁囬噷绔ヨ呭煄銆佸箍宸炰腑鍏璺绔ヨ呮壒鍙戝竞鍦恒佹涩宸炲洓瀛ｉ潚绔ヨ呮壒鍙戝竞鍦恒
1銆佹箹宸炵粐閲岀ヨ呭煄锛氢綔涓哄浗鍐呴嗗厛镄勭ヨ呯敓浜у熀鍦帮纴缁囬噷绔ヨ呭煄涓崭粎姹囱仛浜嗕䌷澶氱煡钖岖ヨ呭搧鐗岋纴杩桦惛寮曚简澶ч噺灏忓瀷绔ヨ呯敓浜у巶瀹躲傝繖閲屾敞閲嶅搧璐ㄧ＄悊锛屽洜姝ょヨ呰川閲忓彲闱狅纴钖屾椂浠锋牸鐩稿逛翰姘戯纴浣垮叾鎴愪负镓瑰彂绔ヨ呯殑缁濅匠阃夋嫨銆
2銆佸箍宸炰腑鍏璺绔ヨ呮壒鍙戝竞鍦猴细浣滀负骞垮窞鐭ュ悕镄勬湇瑁呮壒鍙戝竞鍦轰箣涓锛屼腑鍏璺绔ヨ呮壒鍙戝竞鍦洪泦镵氢简涓板瘜镄勭ヨ呭搧鐗屽拰铡傚惰祫婧愩傚竞鍦哄唴绔ヨ呮惧纺澶氭牱涓旀柊棰栵纴鍝佽川涓娄箻锛屼环镙奸备腑锛屾槸镓瑰彂绔ヨ呮椂镄勪紭阃変箣鍦般
3銆佹涩宸炲洓瀛ｉ潚绔ヨ呮壒鍙戝竞鍦猴细锲涘ｉ潚甯傚満锲犲叾绔ヨ呯殑楂桦搧璐ㄥ拰浣庝环镙艰屽箍鍙楀ソ璇勚傝繖閲岀殑绔ヨ呮惧纺澶氭牱锛屽搧璐ㄦ湁淇濋㱩锛屼环镙煎悎鐞嗭纴浣垮叾鎴愪负镓瑰彂绔ヨ呯殑涓嶉敊阃夋嫨銆傛棤璁烘槸瀵绘眰镐т环姣旇缮鏄娆惧纺澶氭牱镐э纴锲涘ｉ潚閮芥槸鍊煎缑钥冭槛镄勫竞鍦轰箣涓銆
❷ 绔ヨ呭搧鐗屾壒鍙戝竞鍦哄湪鍝閲
钬沧柊涓杞鎶链鍙橀潻鍙婂叾搴旂敤姝ｅ湪鍏ㄧ悆锣冨洿鍐呰繀阃熷叴璧凤纴鎺ㄥ姩链嶈呰屼笟钖戞暟瀛楀寲銆佹櫤鑳藉寲杞鍨嬨傜Е涓濈戞妧宸茬粡涓轰腑锲借秴杩200涓囧舵壒鍙戦浂鍞鍟嗘埛鎻愪緵浜嗗畬锽勭殑瑙ｅ喅鏂规堬纴寮曢呜屼笟鍙戝𪾢锛屽府锷╂暟鍗冨舵湇瑁呭疄浣扑紒涓氲浆鍨嬨傗
链嶈呰屼笟锛岄櫎浜嗗コ瑁呭竞鍦哄ぇ锛屽叾娆″氨鏄绔ヨ呫
锲犱负瀛╁瓙鎴愰暱蹇锛屾秷璐归戠箒锛岀埗姣嶈垗寰楄姳阍憋绂灏ゅ叾鏄杩戝嚑骞达纴闅忕潃浜岃儙寮鏀撅纴绔ヨ呭竞鍦鸿繘涓姝ユ墿澶с
闅忕潃涓夊╂敛绛栫殑鍒版潵锛屽彲𨱍宠岀煡绔ヨ呭竞鍦轰细链夊氱伀銆
链夊竞鍦猴纴浣呜揣婧愭槸链澶х殑闂棰樸傝揣婧愯В鍐充简锛屽氨鎴愬姛浜嗕竴鍗娿备絾鏄寰埚氢汉涓嶅お浜呜В鍏ㄥ浗绔ヨ呭竞鍦恒
浠婂ぉ灏辨潵璇磋村崄澶хヨ呮壒鍙戝竞鍦猴纴鎺掑悕涓嶅垎鍏埚悗銆
婀栧窞缁囬噷涓锲界ヨ呭煄
涓栫晫镞跺皻鐪嫔反榛庯纴涓锲界ヨ呯湅缁囬噷锛岃瑾変负涓锲界ヨ呯殑涓栫晫锛屾槸涓锲界ヨ呯殑浠ｈ〃銆
澶уぇ灏忓皬镄勭ヨ呭伐铡傚湪杩欓噷鏄熺绥妫嫔竷锛屼骇鍝佷粠鍎跨ュ埌闱掑皯骞达纴钖勪釜灞傛＄殑绔ヨ呬竴搴斾勘鍏ㄣ
浜т笟闆嗕腑锛屽埌澶勯兘鏄缁囧竷链虹殑鍣阔炽备竴鑸浠ヤ腑浣庣浜у搧涓轰富銆傚湪杩欓噷锛屾惧纺镟存柊寰埚揩銆傛疮瀛ｆ湁500澶氱嶆惧纺镄勭ヨ咃纴浠锋牸閮芥瘆杈冧绠銆傚甫镄勮揣鐗╂暟閲忔槸链夎佹眰镄勚备竴鑸鐢ㄥ崟涓鍗曡壊3-5灏卞彲浠ョ敤镓嬫嬁璧锋潵銆
灞变笢鍗冲ⅷ绔ヨ呯敓浜у熀鍦
鍗楃洿闅讹纴鍖楀嵆澧ㄣ
鍗佸勾鍓嶏纴90%镄勫嵆澧ㄧヨ呬紒涓氶兘鍦ㄥ仛璐寸墝锷犲伐銆5骞村墠锛岄氲繃闆嗙兢鏁埚簲锛屽嵆澧ㄧヨ呬紒涓氩紑濮嫔唴阌銆
浠锋牸姣旂洿闅惰吹锛屼絾鏁伴噺姣旂洿闅朵绠銆傞傚悎鏁ｅ锛屼富瑕佸嚭鍙ｆ棩阔╋纴璐ㄩ噺濂姐
姣忓勾7-8链堬纴鍗冲ⅷ閮戒细涓惧姙涓锲(鍗冲ⅷ)绔ヨ呬骇涓氩崥瑙堜细銆傛湁鍏磋叮镄勫彲浠ュ幓鐪嬬湅锛岃繖鏄鎶婃彙琛屼笟瓒嫔娍镄勫ソ镞舵満銆
骞垮窞涓灞卞叓璺绔ヨ呮壒鍙戝竞鍦
骞垮窞涓灞卞反椴佸晢鍦堟槸鍗庡崡鍦板尯链澶х殑姣嶅┐镓瑰彂甯傚満锛屼富瑕侀泦涓鍦ㄥ崡澶╁竞鍦恒丷&F鍎跨ヤ笘鐣屽拰涓芥箹澶у帵銆
鍗楀ぉ甯傚満鏄链浼犵粺镄勭ヨ呭竞鍦猴纴涓昏惀涓楂樼绔ヨ咃绂R&F鍎跨ヤ笘鐣屾槸缁煎悎镐хヨ呭竞鍦猴纴涓昏惀楂樼濠村辜鍎跨ヨ呭强鐢ㄥ搧锛屼环镙间细姣斿崡澶╀究瀹滐绂涓芥箹鍏棣嗘湁12灞傦纴涓昏佺粡钀ヤ绠绔澶т䌷娆惧纺镄勭ヨ咃纴鍑鸿揣閲忓ぇ锛屼环镙间绠锛屽悓镙风殑瑕佹眰涔熶细镟村ぇ銆
骞垮窞锲藉ぇ绔ヨ呬笘鐣
锲犱负鏄鎴愬搧镓瑰彂甯傚満锛屼环镙间绠寰楀彲镐曪纴澶ч儴鍒嗗嚑鍏冨埌鍗佸嚑鍏冿纴璐ㄩ噺鍜屽搧鐗屾病浠涔埚尯鍒銆
镓浠ュ緢瀹规槗镓惧埌杩欎釜甯傚満锛屽彂鎸ユ墍闀匡纴姣忓勾澶氲禋涓杈嗗疂椹銆傚缓璁銆
𨱒宸炲洓瀛ｉ潚浣冲疂绔ヨ呮壒鍙戝竞鍦
涓昏佺粡钀ョヨ呫佺ラ瀷銆佸効绔ョ敤鍝侊纴鏄涓涓姹囬泦浜嗗叏锲戒箖镊冲叏鐞幂煡钖岖ヨ呭搧鐗岀殑鐜颁唬鍖栦氦鏄揿竞鍦恒
杩欓噷镄勫晢瀹堕兘链夎嚜宸辩殑宸ュ巶锛屼互镓瑰彂涓轰富锛屾湁链浣庢暟閲忛檺鍒躲傞噺瓒婂ぇ浠锋牸瓒娄绠锛屾墍浠ュ緢澶氩栫渷镄勬壒鍙戝晢𨱒ヨ繖閲岀倰鐡滃瓙鍜屽潥鏋溿
浣涘北绔ヨ呭煄镓瑰彂甯傚満
浣涘北绔ヨ呬紒涓6000澶氩讹纴绔ヨ呬骇閲忓崰鍏ㄥ浗1/3銆备经灞辩ヨ呮壒鍙戝竞鍦烘槸涓锲界ヨ呭悕闀囥傚叾浜у搧杩滈攒缇庡浗銆佸姞𨰾垮ぇ銆佷縿缃楁柉銆佸崡闱炲拰涓涓滃湴鍖猴纴骞舵秾鐜板嚭涓镓圭煡钖嶅搧鐗屻
锘烘湰涓婇兘鏄璐ф簮铡傚晢銆傚傛灉浣犱互镊宸辩殑鍝佺墝锷犵洘锛岃繖閲屾槸涓涓嶉敊镄勯夋嫨銆
鐭冲跺箪阏婧愮ヨ呭ぇ涓栫晫
涓昏惀钖勭嶉珮涓浣庢。绔ヨ呯郴鍒楋纴娑电洊钖勫勾榫勬靛┐骞煎効绔ヨ呭拰瀛曞囱呯郴鍒楋绂瀹冩槸涓涓澶ц勬ā镄勪簩绾ф壒鍙戝竞鍦猴纴钖稿紩镌钖勪釜铡熶骇鍦扮殑铡傚跺叆椹汇
涓銆佷簩灞备互涓浣庢。绔ヨ呬负涓伙纴涓夊眰涓轰腑楂樻。鍎跨ョ簿鍝佺ヨ咃纴锲涖佷簲灞备负楂樻。鐭ュ悕绔ヨ呭拰澶у巶鍝佺墝锛岃礋涓灞备富瑕侀浂鍞钖勭被楂樸佷腑銆佷绠妗ｇヨ呫
鐭崇嫯鍗庡崡绔ヨ呮壒鍙戝竞鍦
鍑鍊熼溃鏂欍佽緟鏂欑瓑铡熸潗鏂欑殑甯傚満绋冲仴镐э纴鍗庡崡链嶈呮壒鍙戝竞鍦哄湪绔ヨ呴嗗烟锛屽挨鍏舵槸杩愬姩浼戦棽椋庢牸𨱒垮潡鍏锋湁缁濆圭殑镐т环姣斾紭锷裤
杩戝嚑骞村箍宸炪佹涩宸炵瓑鍦扮殑绔ヨ呭晢瀹堕檰缁杩涢┗锛岃繖閲屼篃鏄涓嶉敊镄勯夋嫨銆傛瘯绔熻溅璐规槸涓绗斾笉灏忕殑寮鏀銆
涓滆帪绔ヨ呮壒鍙戝竞鍦
涓滆帪绔ヨ呮壒鍙戝竞鍦烘槸鍗庡崡鍦板尯链澶х殑绔ヨ呬笓涓氭壒鍙戝晢锘庛
涓昏佺粡钀ヤ腑楂樻。绔ヨ呫佹坠琚嫔强镄鍏凤纴镓瑰彂闆跺敭锛涗粠鍟嗗搧濠村効链嶃佺ヨ呫佺ヨ呫佺ヨ呫佸┐鍎跨敤鍝佸埌绮捐嚧镄勬坠琚嬨佺毊鍏凤纴鍝佺墝绻佸氥
婵闄㈠浗闄呯ヨ呭煄
婵闄㈢礌链夐拡缁囨瘘琛ｄ箣涔＄殑缇庤獕锛岀ヨ呭欢缁浜呜繖涓浼桦娍銆备笓娉ㄤ簬缇婃瘘绔ヨ呬骇鍝佺殑璁捐＄敓浜у拰宸ュ巶鐩撮攒锛屾垚涓哄浗鍐呮渶澶х殑绔ヨ呮瘘琛ｅ熀鍦般
锲犱负姣涜。阃傚悎鏄ュ忕嫔啲锛屾墍浠7链埚簳铡绘瘆杈冨悎阃伞
铡傚朵竴镓嬭揣婧愶纴阃傚悎浜屾壒鎴栧ぇ镓归噺瀹㈡埛銆傚ぇ閮ㄥ垎瑕佹眰5镓嬬爜锛屾湁镄勫崟娆捐佹眰60-200鍧楋纴璧勯噾链夐檺涓嶅缓璁铡汇
浠婂ぉ绔ヨ呮壒鍙戝竞鍦哄凡缁忕畻鍒拌繖閲屼简銆傛湁浠涔堟帹钻愬彲浠ョ暀瑷锻婅瘔鎴戜滑銆
❸ 涓锲戒富瑕佺殑绔ヨ呯敓浜у熀鍦板湪鍝閲岋纻锛
1銆佹箹宸烇细婀栧窞缁囬噷涓锲界ヨ呭煄浣崭簬婀栧窞甯傚惔鍏村尯缁囬噷闀囷纴铡嗗彶鎭犱箙锛屼互缁囬犱笟闂诲悕銆傜粐閲岄晣琚瑾変负鍏ㄥ浗绔ヨ呭熀鍦帮纴瀹跺舵埛鎴蜂笌绔ヨ呬骇涓氱浉鍏炽2001骞存垚锷熶妇锷炰简涓锲界粐閲岀ヨ呭崥瑙堜细鍜屽叏锲藉効绔ユ湇瑁呰捐″ぇ濂栬禌銆傜ヨ呭煄鍗犲湴闱㈢Н澶э纴鏄閲嶈佺殑鍟嗕笟鍦颁骇椤圭洰锛屼篃鏄镞呮父璐鐗╂櫙鍖恒
2銆佸箍宸烇细骞垮窞绔ヨ呮壒鍙戝竞鍦烘槸锲藉唴链澶ф壒鍙戝竞鍦轰箣涓锛屽㈡祦閲忓ぇ锛屾潵镊涓嶅悓鍦板尯銆傚箍宸炰腑灞卞叓璺鍟嗕笟鍦堟槸鍗庡崡鍦板尯链澶х殑姣嶅┐镓瑰彂甯傚満锛屼互锲涗釜鍟嗕笟镣逛负锘虹锛屾兜鐩栧箍娉涖傜煡钖岖ヨ呭搧鐗屽寘𨰾鍝埪疯礉姣斻佺背濂囧欑瓑銆
3銆佹禉姹熸慨闄锛氭慨闄浣崭簬涓婃捣銆佹涩宸炰箣闂达纴鏄娌𨱒缁忔祹甯︾殑閲嶈佷骇涓氥傛慨闄㈠浗闄呯ヨ呭煄鍦板勪腑澶鍟嗗姟鍖猴纴鍏锋湁鏄庢樉镄勫尯锘熶紭锷匡纴闆嗕骇鍝佸𪾢绀轰氦鏄撱佸浗闄呰锤鏄撱佹壒鍙戦浂鍞浜庝竴浣撱
4銆佹禉姹熸俯宸烇细娓╁窞绔ヨ呬富瑕侀泦涓鍦ㄦ案鍢夊幙娆у寳闀囷纴镊80骞翠唬浠ユ潵鍦ㄤ腑锲界ヨ呭竞鍦哄崰链夐吨瑕佸湴浣嶃90骞翠唬璧凤纴娓╁窞绔ヨ呬骇涓氢粠鍗曚竴浜у搧鐢熶骇杞钖戠敓浜т笌鍝佺墝寤鸿惧弻杞ㄥ彂灞曪纴浜у搧璐ㄩ噺寰楀埌鍏ㄥ浗璁ゅ彲銆备富瑕佸搧鐗屾湁鍗冨崈涓囥佸反𨰾夊反𨰾夌瓑銆
5銆佺忓缓鐭崇嫯锛氱煶镫绔ヨ呴泦涓鍦ㄥ嚖閲岄晣锛屾嫢链200浣椤剁ヨ呬紒涓氾纴骞翠骇鍊艰揪6浜垮厓銆傝繖閲屾嫢链変竴镓瑰叏锲界煡钖岖殑绔ヨ呭搧鐗岋纴瑙勬ā鏁埚簲鏄捐宪銆备富瑕佸搧鐗屽寘𨰾灏忓掼浠銆佷竷褰╀簯绛夈